Root Radishes belong to the family of taproot plants. Immediately after germination, the taproots can go under the soil between 10-15 cm and 30-35 cm depending on the variety. During the longitudinal growth of the taproots, their color remains white. Depending on the variety, 1/3 to 2/3 of the taproots turn into tubers in the later stages of development. In some species, side roots develop on the tuber, which minimizes the tuber quality. Side roots spread over an area between 5-15 cm. The anatomical structure of the soil also creates bifurcations. Radishes are formed from the upper part of the taproot. Radishes are seen in white, black, pink, pink, red and mixed colors. The formation and growth of radishes is by transverse development. The appearance of radishes is round, flattened-rounded, elongated-rounded in hazelnut radishes; flattened-rounded or elongated-rounded in horseradish radishes; round, elongated and conical in chestnut radishes. In radishes, in addition to the variety, the depth and frequency of sowing also affect the shape. If the seeds of a round variety are sown deeply, it turns into a long cylindrical or long conical shape. Radishes are 3-6 cm in diameter and 2-3 cm long in hazelnut radishes. In horseradish radishes, the diameter varies between 5-15 cm and the length between 5-20 cm. In hazelnut radishes grown in our country, the weight varies between 5-40 g in small round radishes, 120-150 g in long types, 100-150 g in chestnut radishes, and 200-2000 g in horseradish radishes. Flower When the plants reach a certain size in radishes, flowering begins with the effect of low temperature, day length and their combined effect depending on the varieties. With the formation of flowering, the growth of radishes stops. Flower shoots can grow up to 60-150 cm. Flowers consist of 4 sepals, 4 petals, 6 male organs and 2 female organs. Sepals are green and green-yellow; petals are white, yellow-white-violet. Pollination is by bees and other insects and foreign fertilization is generally observed. Optimum pollination and fertilization occurs in flowers. Production Radish is cultivated by sowing the seeds directly on the cultivation sites in a scattering or row-like manner when there are favorable weather conditions. Hazelnut radishes are sown in boards and pans, and if large areas are to be produced, seeds are sown in flats. Horseradish and chestnut radishes are grown in pans or tubes. The place where the seed will be sown is processed very well and made ready for sowing. The soil to be sown should be thoroughly cleaned of weeds or crop residues and cultivated at a depth of 15-20 cm. After sowing with sufficient amount of fertilizer, it should be processed in order to mix the fertilizer. Then, boards, pans and tubes are prepared according to the variety. Hazelnut radishes are grown on boards and pans. If production is to be made in large areas, it can also be planted on the flat.
Although it varies depending on the climate, it should be sown in August. Seeds are sown at a distance of 10-15 cm between rows and 3-5 cm above the rows at a depth of 1.5-2 cm. With the provision of suitable conditions, radishes reach harvest maturity in 4-5 weeks. Horseradish and chestnut radishes are grown in pans or tubes. Seeds are sown in 30-40 cm between rows, 10-15 cm above rows and 2-3 cm deep in hearth method. Irrigation In order to sustain their vital activities, plants need water the most in addition to factors such as temperature, light and air. Since water plays an active role in every stage of development and growth, water is very important for plants. In order for radishes to develop in quality and strength, they need to be watered regularly. Irrigation is done by sprinkling if it can be done in the field and in large areas; in the pans, it is done by keeling, and in medium-sized areas, it is done by introducing water into the furrow. Irrigation should be done 3-6 times during the production period depending on the development period of the plants and climatic conditions. After irrigation, the cream layer formed in the soil should be broken and weed control should be done.
