Onion is a vegetable that has been consumed both dry and fresh in daily life since ancient times. It is a plant rich in vitamin C. It is known as an appetizing vegetable due to some substances it contains. Climate Demand Onion is selective in terms of climate demand. Day length and temperature are two important factors limiting onion cultivation. Cool air is needed in the early development phase of the plant. However, the temperature should be high for head tying and growth of the head. The average temperature should be 13 ºC during the early development period. The temperature should be 21 ºC when the head starts to tie and 24-27 ºC for the maturation of the head. When the day length is 10-12 hours in early varieties, head binding starts. Varieties need a day length of 13-15 hours. Early varieties do not produce well in cold regions. Soil Requirements Onions should be nutrient rich, light textured soils, starting with loamy and finally light clay, provided that it is not too heavy. Irrigation Onions are a shallow-rooted plant. Most of the roots are located 40-50 cm deep in the soil. If onions are grown in a constantly moist soil, overwatering is harmful in such cases. It is also difficult for them to maintain their durability for a long time. Onions need water the most during the period from heading to ripening. During this critical period, onions should be watered once a week until they reach full maturity. The time between two irrigations may vary slightly depending on the soil composition and climatic conditions. At maturity, watering is stopped and as far as possible. The soil should be allowed to dry quickly. If the onions are grown in the bobbin system, furrow irrigation is used, if they are grown on the flat, then sprinkler irrigation is used.
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