GREEN BEANS Soil Preparation If fresh beans are to be produced in the field where cereals have been sown, the cereals should be removed after harvesting the cereal plants and mixed with the soil, and plowing should be done in the fall when they are 5-7 cm in diameter. Before planting in the spring, the soil is plowed again with a cultivator and then the soil is made ready for planting by passing a disc harrow. Sowing time In open field green bean production, sowing is started at the end of March and April (taking into account the ecological conditions of the region). However, depending on the seasonal conditions, sowing can be done gradually until the last period of May. In greenhouse green bean production, seeds are sown on March 1 in spring and July 15-August 1 in autumn. In places where dwarf green beans are produced in large areas, sowing is done with a row-style seeder. Seed is sown with 50-65 cm between rows, 10-25 cm above rows and 2-3 cm in diameter. 5-7 kg seed is sown per decare. In the production of pole green beans, besides mixed planting (with corn), it is produced using willow hazelnut branches. In the production of pole green beans, it is recommended to sow 5-7 seeds to be left in the hearth and to plant at a distance of 1m between the hearths. Fertilization Ripe beans take more nutrients from the soil than immature beans and weaken the strength of the soil. The amount of natural and commercial fertilizers recommended for beans is primarily related to the amount of nutrients in the soil. According to the results of soil measurements, attention should be paid to the fertilizers needed. For sandy-loamy soils, 2-3 tons of burnt farm fertilizer should be applied every few years. 2-5 kg pure nitrogen (N), 4-6 kg phosphorus (P2O5) and 3-5 kg potassium (K2O) should be given per decare. It is recommended to apply fertilizer at least 5 cm away from the place where the seeds are sown and 7.5 cm in diameter in order to prevent any commercial fertilizer damage to the seed that has entered the ripening stage. The first hoeing is done when the beans are fully ripe and have 4-5 pairs of leaves. In the branch formation phase of the plants, the second hoe is done 2-3 weeks after the first hoe before flowering. No hoeing is done during the flowering period. Irrigation The water requirement of the green bean plant is at least 300-450 mm during the asexual reproduction (i.e. when a single organism produces another organism exactly the same as itself). It is not recommended to irrigate when the plants are in full bloom in the sexual reproduction stage (the formation of a new living being by taking the heredity characteristics of two different living beings). Irrigation times should be frequent and scarce during the appearance of the main leaf with three leaflets in the seedlings, just before flowering, 10 days after fruit set and 1 month before harvest. Because green beans like to be watered at frequent intervals, it should be avoided to give water abundantly. Harvest The most suitable time to harvest ripe green beans is the period when the pods show the main variety character and take 1/3 of the size.
If there is a delay in the collection time, it causes the beans to harden in the direction of cellulosification, the grains inside to become large in a way that spoils the pleasure of eating, and one of the most important points is the increase of awns and a hard shape. Seed Production In seed bean production, a careful control must be carried out during the flowering period in order to prevent the destruction of buruchus, which causes great damage to the seeds. Pods should be well protected from rainfall during the threshing period. If the pods are not well protected, the shells of the seeds inside the soaked pods turn yellow, darken and become wrinkled when the shell dries. For this reason, the plants that are calculated are taken on the drying devices that look like a ladder known as ‘roof’ among the people and the collection process is carried out after the drying process is done. Problems can also arise in this process; the scratches made by the heifer stones on the seeds obtained from threshing with a heifer cause the spread of diseases carried with the seed. In a successful seed production, a yield of 180-240 kg is obtained from a decare, depending on the variety. The straw obtained from the harvest is used as a very valuable animal feed.
