The amount of water in the soil is very important in plant cultivation. Plants take water from the soil through their roots and transmit it to their cells, tissues and leaves. The water transferred to the leaves is released into the atmosphere through transpiration. Water circulating between the plant, roots and leaves, which plays an important role in the water cycle between soil and atmosphere, is of vital importance for the plant. If the water that plants take from the soil is lower than the water given by the leaves through transpiration, the balance in the plant structure begins to deteriorate. At first, the damaged plant takes precautions by closing its stomata to adapt to its environment. However, in longer periods of exposure, the plant may dry out. Main Factors Affecting Plant Water Consumption Water losses of plants are affected by evaporation and transpiration. Evaporation: Evaporation is the spread of water from the soil, surface and the surfaces of the leaves to the atmosphere by heat transfer from liquid to gaseous state. Transpiration: Transpiration, which is a different form of evaporation, is the spread of water taken by the plant roots to the atmosphere through the leaf. Throughout development, there is a continuous movement of water from the soil to the roots, from the roots to the stem and from the stem to the biosphere through the leaves. Root Depth: It is the root depth where 80% of the water required for the normal development of plants is taken. Other Factors Affecting Plant Water Consumption The effects of climate, season and vegetative factors vary depending on time and environment. Temperature is a factor encountered in plants during the development phase. The water requirement of the plant decreases between 0-10, increases between 10-14 and reaches the highest level at 36. In the plant growth stage, especially in the annual development stages, it affects the water consumption rate considerably. In the phase of maximum growth, new individuals with the same genetic structure as the mother plant are formed by using organs such as leaves, roots and stems. The period when plants reach maturity is the stage when the functions and activities of living cells, tissues and organs slow down. The development period of plants is the time when physiological activities continue. During the sunshine period, the need for water will be higher in places where the length of the day increases. The evaporation rate decreases with the increase in air humidity.
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