İçindekiler
What is Drainage?
To remove the ground wetness that is harmful to plants and thus to make the ground structure suitable and to provide ventilation, as well as to protect buildings from dampness or to ensure that rainwater penetrating into the ground in places that should always be kept dry, such as sports fields, is removed quickly to prevent mud. Drainage It’s called. The new generation is filtered sealed drainage pipes please contact us for more information.
Importance of Drainage
In areas without drainage, if the excess water that occurs due to various reasons remains in the land continuously, it is not beneficial for the plants grown, on the contrary, it may cause unexpected damage. Since the minerals and salts necessary for the plant will dissolve more than necessary, the plant will be over-nourished. It is known that overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. In addition, waterlogged ground lacks oxygen, which the roots of plants need. This amount of oxygen is especially important when the plant is sprouting. The necessity of drainage is clearly seen in this situation.
In drained areas, plants will first of all become more productive. Properly nourished plants will result in producers receiving the fruits of their labor, good yields, abundant crops and economic comfort.
The most important benefit of drainage is undoubtedly the health benefits. If the swamps are drained, the region will be the source of many positive changes in terms of health. malaria can be prevented in this way. In addition, these drained areas will be opened to agriculture, providing new jobs and social opportunities for the people of the region. Another important aspect is the control of soil salt by drainage. Salt water in irrigation water is taken up by the ground or evaporated and the rate increases by remaining in the ground. With the drainage to be done, the drainage water dissolves this salt and removes it from the ground. Please contact us for new generation self-filtering felt drainage pipes.
Closed Drains
Closed drains consist of various types of pipe systems, including ditches filled with brush and gravel, as well as manufactured pipe systems such as concrete pipes, clay pipes and fiber pipes. Closed drains vary in depth, but for good drainage in irrigated areas, the bottom of the stream should not be less than 135 centimeters from the soil surface. In order for closed drains to discharge the water they bring in, there must be a suitable drainage facility. The discharge place is usually an open drain and sometimes a pump may be in the pit. The water drained into the pit can be discharged by pumping it into drainage channels in the soil surface. New generation self filtered sealed drainage pipes please contact us for more information.
Importance of Drainage in Agricultural Areas
Intensive waters coming to the lands to be cultivated affect the normal development of plants by disrupting the heat balance in the soil structure.
More water than it needs fills the empty volume of the soil and prevents it from breathing, which hinders plant growth.
The chemical and physical structure of the soil can cause diseases in areas without drainage. Excessive irrigation also changes the water level in the subsoil, slowing or ending plant growth.
Hendek Field Drainage
Subsoil drainage systems have been used for many years. In these field drains, the soil in the excavated pit is removed. The drainage pipe is laid together with the filter layer and the drainage pipe is connected to the nearest water collection area.
Placement
In areas where drainage is difficult, a planning is required for field drainage. In the grid or herringbone placement model preferred in carpet fields, athletic fields, green golf fields, secondary lines are connected to the main line and water drainage is provided. The distance between the secondary lines should not exceed 15 meters and the distance between the main lines should not exceed 30 meters. In addition, the flow slope should be increased as the line lengthens according to the length of the drainage. The diameter and height of the trench may vary according to soil types. In sandy areas, deeper and spaced applications are preferred, while shallower and more frequent drainage applications should be made for clay soil.
The minimum soil thicknesses that should be on it in order not to damage the drainage applications are as follows;
It is 15 cm for small turf fields, 20 cm for athletics fields and approximately 30 cm for fields with light vehicle loads.
In soils with high clay content, a permeable layer of 10 cm should be applied after the drainage application.
Field Drainage Application Stages
It can be applied in wet areas such as landscaping lawns and golf courses.
- After the drainage area is determined, the main and secondary lines are drawn without digging the trench locations.
- Start digging from the discharge point or discharge line. The diameter of the trench should be equal to the diameter of the felt drainage pipe to be used. While digging the trench depth, the slope and length of the line and the thickness of the soil layer to be used for drainage closure should be considered. The base elevation of the ditch is checked for its adequacy for the desired slope.
- Felt drainage pipes are laid end to end by joining them with the help of tongs.
- In soils with high clay content, a 10 cm layer of permeable sand is laid, compacted and covered with soil backfill in preparation for germination.
Foundation Drainage
The discharge of water from the foundation and curtain walls of the construction is provided by the drainage system. Felt drainage pipes placed on the foundation adjacent to the curtain wall allow the water to flow faster than the foundation elevation. They should be laid along the perimeter of the building, paying attention to the slope so that the pipe elevation is below the bottom elevation of the curtain. It should be ensured that the geotextile felt wrapped around the drainage pipe is not damaged during soil filling after laying. If possible, the water coming down from the roof or roof gutters should be connected directly to the rainwater line, if not possible, water discharge should also be done with trench drainage.
Retaining Wall Drainage
Retaining walls constructed to reduce the reverse soil load sometimes collapse due to high hydrostatic pressure. For this reason, drainage is very important for the continuity of the structure. Felt drainage pipes, which are applied with the same principle as the slab system on the edges of the shoes in the foundations, protect the structure by collecting and transporting the water behind the retaining walls and preventing the wall from collapsing or collapsing due to high water pressure. Depending on the shape of the retaining walls and the groundwater level, the felt drainage pipes are placed at the wall foundation level. During filling after placement, special care should be taken to prevent damage to the geotextile felt and loss of its function.
Gutter Rainwater Drainage
This system, which allows the discharge of water from rainwater gutters away from the building foundation, should be considered at groundwater level and in accordance with the peak water passage. It should not be connected with roof drainage systems in order not to load more hydrostatic water pressure on the drainage systems of the foundation or retaining walls of the buildings. Sealed drainage pipes used in the drainage of rainwater gutters should be placed at least 1-1.5 meters away from the building foundation. Water from roof gutters is drained with HDPE pipes without perforation until it reaches the felt drainage pipes.
Depending on the terrain conditions, rainwater gutter drainage systems are positioned as follows;
1- Depending on the collection point of the rainwater gutter system descending from the roof and the discharge saturation, the connection points of the felt drainage pipe system are determined.
2 – The collection pipeline of vertical rainwater gutters and the areas where the pipes will pass are excavated. Felt drainage pipes should be dug equally with the excavation diameter of the pipe so as to remain above the underground water level.
3- Pipes placed in the excavated area must remain at least 10 cm below the soil level.
4- If the water coming from the roof gutters is filtered before filling the reservoir, there will be no blockage.
5- After the trenches and excavation areas are filled with soil, they are sodded.
The choice of felted drainage pipe diameter should be equal to or larger than the diameter of the roof rainwater gutter.
Groundwater (Containment) Drainage
It is the most efficient system, which is a kind of trench drainage that collects and distributes groundwater and removes surface water from the relevant area. It also provides a solution for the discharge of septic systems depending on the land structure in the belt drainage made with felt drainage pipes. In this drainage system, it should be applied deep for groundwater level control and close to the surface level for surface water control.
Landscape Drainage
Soil in plant beds is used to prevent excessive water saturation and to prevent problems that could jeopardize the health of ornamental plants and the landscape. Felt drainage pipes can be placed regularly or irregularly in walkways and lawn areas, that is, in all landscaped areas. In applications to be made behind the landscape retaining wall, the location of the drainage pipe should be at least 45 cm deep, at least 60 cm deep if it consists of high trees or deep-rooted plants.
Golf Course Drainage
Felt drainage pipes are an excellent method for drainage systems of wet areas around golf courses, lawns and green area pits. The laying of drainage pipes for golf courses is carried out in the same layout as ditch drainage, but with special application in sand trap pits. When digging sand trap pits, the depth should start 4-5 cm below the level of the backfill sand and extend to the lower level of the felt drainage pipe.
Slope Drainage
Slope drains that prevent the flow of rainwater and snow water are also considered as a kind of ditch drainage. They help to collect water on soils with an impermeable surface and less or more sloping soils with less permeable layers. Slope drains run along a field line providing seepage and runoff protection. After excavating the slope drainage ditches, felt drainage pipes should be placed so that the pipe remains within the impervious surface for half the height of the pipe. In all sloping areas where surface runoff is high, felt drainage pipes should be laid by joining them with the help of tongs after excavating the length of the ditch. At least 15 cm of permeable filling material should be compacted on the drainage pipes. The application is finished after the trench is filled with surface soil.
Floor Drainage
Generally, there is no drainage in the foundations or surroundings of old buildings. During heavy rains and when the groundwater level rises during winter months, water comes from the ground or under slab voids. In such cases, drainage is done from the interior of the structure and discharged to the discharge point. In the drainage systems of the floor and underfloor cavity, the trench opened around the foundation in a way not to damage the existing infrastructure (electricity, natural gas, etc.) is dug at least 40-50 cm deep and at least 25 cm deep, if necessary, slightly below the foundation level, with a slope control towards the discharge point at the base. It is ensured that the bottom level slope of the 40-50 cm wide trench inside the building is made up to the discharge point. The application should be placed by calculating other connection points and drainage against the risk of swimming. After at least 5 cm gravel permeable backfill is made on the felted drainage pipe, concrete is poured into the hollow structure inside the building.
Drainage Pipe and Fittings
Elbow (45° and 95°)
Mashon
Reduction
TE joining (45° and 95°)
It is shaped like a körtapa.
