Geotextiles can be classified using various methods. These vary according to construction technique, polymer composition, weight and engineering functions. There are generally two main classes in the classification according to construction technique. These are; woven and nonwoven products. These are subdivided into subgroups according to the type of yarn and fiber they are made of. While it is possible to classify woven geotextiles as single filament, multi-filament, ribbon-based, slit film type with a certain geometric approach, nonwoven products are classified as thermal, chemical or mechanical bonded based on the bonding processes of the fibers.
NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILES
It is a nonwoven textile product made of Polypropylene or Polyester raw material, where the fibers are combined by needling method. There is no weft and warp in non-woven geotextile. Geotextile felt, ground slip, permeable textile product that can be used with soil or any material related to geotechnical engineering, non-woven geotextiles have a homogeneous structure. The main development of geotextiles in the world market has been the emergence of non-woven geotextiles. Since they are also produced in our country and their usage area is widespread, non-woven geotextiles are produced more. Non-woven geotextiles; They consist of natural or synthetic, intermittent or infinite length fibers that are not converted into yarn, fastened together by various methods. EDENA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association) defines nonwoven products as follows; It is a sheet, net or felt made of unidirectional or randomly arranged fibers that are attached to each other by mechanical, chemical or physical methods.
The two main factors affecting the quality of non-woven geotextiles are;
– Type of raw material (type of fiber) – Production technique
WOVEN GEOTEXTILES
Braided geotextiles, which are generally used when high tensile strength is required, contain continuous yarn in two directions. In this respect, all the technical advantages of yarn are utilized to provide high strength at low elongations. Although the yarns are woven in two directions at right angles to each other, the material shows considerable diagonal strength due to friction and winding between the yarns. Braided geotextiles are produced on conventional looms. The weave is produced using a series of longitudinal elements (weft) and a series of transverse elements (warp). Depending on the raw material and type of yarn used, different geotextiles can be produced and different physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties can be obtained. In industrial weavings, including geotextiles, the weave shape is simple.
